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Membrane: This part of the filter has micro-perforations that allow water to pass through under pressure. Some fiber membranes, like the Sawyer filter, are self-cleaning and extremely long-lasting. Depending on the model, this filtration can eliminate the vast majority of impurities (up to 99.999%).
Glass fibers: With the exception of viruses, this system can capture most impurities, including chemicals. Pumping is smoother with this technology, but these filters cannot be cleaned. Their service life is generally shorter than that of membrane filters. The Katadyn brand uses this technology.
Hollow fibers: Virtually equivalent to glass fibers, hollow fibers do not retain chemicals or alter the taste of water. Nevertheless, they are compact and lightweight. Ideal for those looking for an ultra-light filter.
Activated carbon: This fairly basic technology is only effective for filtering chemicals and improving the taste of water. An activated carbon filter is not suitable for removing protozoa, bacteria and viruses.
Ceramic: Although not effective against viruses, the ceramic filter is one of the most efficient on the market. It is suitable for all types of water, including very turbid water. What's more, it's easy to clean. Its only drawback is its fragility: if dropped, the ceramic cartridge can break, rendering the filter unusable.